软硬件环境
- ubuntu 18.04 64bit
- anaconda with python 3.6
- setup.py
前言
科技发展到今日,软件开发已经变得越来越复杂,再也不是单单靠一个人的力量就能够完成,在这种背景下,工程化就变得越来越重要,一方面它可以帮助我们规范我们的工程,这里的规范不仅仅是指代码的规范,还有文档,测试等;另一方面也方便了后来者的阅读理解,节省时间及人力成本,比如团队中新员工的加入,或者项目开发者的离职交接,相信在国内的大环境下,这种情况不在少数。
最近在做一个基于人脸识别的考勤系统,本文就在这个项目的基础上,给大家讲讲 python
项目基于 setup.py
的打包及部署。首先给出项目的工程目录结构
项目本身是一个服务,运行环境是在服务器,因此我需要将它做成一个命令行工具。
setup.py文件简介
玩过 python
的应该都知道这个 setup.py
文件吧,特别是在开源领域。setuptools
是一个优秀的、可靠的 python
包安装与分发工具,而打包分发的关键在于编写 setup.py
文件。 setup.py
文件编写的规则是从setuptools
导入 setup
及其它一些 辅助
模块函数, 并传入各类参数进行调用。
setup.py的使用
setup.py
编写好了,接下来就是如何使用它了。setup.py
支持的命令非常多,可以调用 python setup.py --help-commands
进行查看
Standard commands:
build build everything needed to install
build_py "build" pure Python modules (copy to build directory)
build_ext build C/C++ and Cython extensions (compile/link to build directory)
build_clib build C/C++ libraries used by Python extensions
build_scripts "build" scripts (copy and fixup #! line)
clean clean up temporary files from 'build' command
install install everything from build directory
install_lib install all Python modules (extensions and pure Python)
install_headers install C/C++ header files
install_scripts install scripts (Python or otherwise)
install_data install data files
sdist create a source distribution (tarball, zip file, etc.)
register register the distribution with the Python package index
bdist create a built (binary) distribution
bdist_dumb create a "dumb" built distribution
bdist_rpm create an RPM distribution
bdist_wininst create an executable installer for MS Windows
check perform some checks on the package
upload upload binary package to PyPI
Extra commands:
bdist_wheel create a wheel distribution
build_sphinx Build Sphinx documentation
alias define a shortcut to invoke one or more commands
bdist_egg create an "egg" distribution
develop install package in 'development mode'
easy_install Find/get/install Python packages
egg_info create a distribution's .egg-info directory
install_egg_info Install an .egg-info directory for the package
rotate delete older distributions, keeping N newest files
saveopts save supplied options to setup.cfg or other config file
setopt set an option in setup.cfg or another config file
test run unit tests after in-place build
upload_docs Upload documentation to PyPI
nosetests Run unit tests using nosetests
isort Run isort on modules registered in setuptools
compile_catalog compile message catalogs to binary MO files
extract_messages extract localizable strings from the project code
init_catalog create a new catalog based on a POT file
update_catalog update message catalogs from a POT file
平常我们使用较多的有源码打包和本地安装
python setup.py sdist
python setup.py install
setup.py的编写
还是以人脸识别这个项目为例
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @time : 18-8-10 下午8:28
# @author : xugaoxiang
# @email : xugx.ai@gmail.com
# @website : https://xugaoxiang.com
# @file : setup.py.py
# @software: PyCharm
# Always prefer setuptools over distutils,导入模块
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
from os import path
# 分别读取README.md和requirements.txt的内容
here = path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__))
# Get the long description from the README file
with open('README.md', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
long_description = fp.read()
with open('requirements.txt', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
install_requires = fp.read()
setup(
# 名称
name='FacialAttendanceRecord',
# 版本号
version='1.0.1',
# 基本描述
description='Facial Attendance Record',
# 项目的详细介绍,我这填充的是README.md的内容
long_description=long_description,
# README的格式,支持markdown,应该算是标准了
long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
# 项目的地址
url='https://xugaoxiang.com',
# 项目的作者
author='xugaoxiang',
# 作者的邮箱地址
author_email='xugx.ai@gmail.com',
# Classifiers,
classifiers=[ # Optional
# How mature is this project? Common values are
# 3 - Alpha
# 4 - Beta
# 5 - Production/Stable
'Development Status :: 3 - Beta',
# Indicate who your project is intended for
'Intended Audience :: Developers',
'Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools',
# Pick your license as you wish
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU GPL v3 License',
# Specify the Python versions you support here. In particular, ensure
# that you indicate whether you support Python 2, Python 3 or both.
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
],
# 项目的关键字
keywords='facial attendance record',
# 打包时需要加入的模块,调用find_packages方法实现,简单方便
packages=find_packages(exclude=['contrib', 'docs', 'tests', 'build', 'dist']),
# 项目的依赖库,读取的requirements.txt内容
install_requires=install_requires,
# 数据文件都写在了MANIFEST.in文件中
include_package_data=True,
# entry_points 指明了工程的入口,在本项目中就是facialattendancerecord模块下的main.py中的main方法
# 我这是命令行工具,安装成功后就是执行的这个命令
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'FacialAttendanceRecord=facialattendancerecord.main:main',
],
},
)
metadata
metadata其实有很多,下面是一张表
Classifiers
Classifiers可填写的内容也比较多,具体的可以参考这个链接 https://pypi.org/pypi?%3Aaction=list_classifiers
MANIFEST.in
该文件内容就是需要包含在分发包中的文件,示例如下
include README.md
include LICENSE
include MANIFEST.in
recursive-include config *.json
prune build
graft samples
其中include
和graft
是一个意思,区别在于前者是包含文件,后者是针对文件夹,prune
是剔除文件夹,recursive-include
相当于递归包含
requirements.txt
python
通过提供 requirements.txt
文件来对项目中依赖的第三方库进行整体安装,用户不用手动的一条条去敲 pip install
命令,只需要执行
pip install -r requirements.txt
就可以安装项目所需要的所以软件包。requirements.txt
文件的格式一般是这样的
Werkzeug==0.14.1
setuptools==36.4.0
SQLAlchemy_Utils==0.33.3
APScheduler==3.5.1
click==6.7
SQLAlchemy==1.2.1
Flask==0.12.2
Pillow==5.2.0
paho_mqtt==1.3.1
scikit_learn==0.19.2
tornado==5.1
每一行对应一个类库,等号右边的是对应库的版本号。对于稍大型的项目来讲,依赖的第三方库很多,所以,如果能够自动生成这个文件,将大大提升我们的工作效率。幸好有 pipreqs
这个工具,通过 pip
直接安装
pip install pipreqs
然后进入到项目目录,执行命令
pipreqs .