软硬件环境
- Windows 10 64bit
- Anaconda3 with python 3.7
- PyCharm 2019.3
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简介
对话框是人机交互中最常用的一种方式。PyQt5中使用QDialog来表示对话框，它有几个常用的子类，QMessageBox、QFileDialog、QInputDialog、QFontDialog。
QDialog使用
基本对话框
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class DialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(DialogDemo, self).__init__(parent)
# 设置窗口标题
self.setWindowTitle("Dialog demo")
self.resize(600, 400)
self.button = QPushButton(self)
self.button.setText("点击弹出对话框")
self.button.move(50, 50)
# 绑定slot函数
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
def showDialog(self):
dialog = QDialog()
btn = QPushButton("ok", dialog)
btn.move(50, 50)
dialog.setWindowTitle("Dialog")
# 设置窗口模态，Qt.ApplicationModal子窗口会拦截事件，父窗口不响应;Qt.WindowModal可以响应事件
dialog.setWindowModality(Qt.ApplicationModal)
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = DialogDemo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QMessageBox
弹出消息对话框，也是最常用的对话框
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class DialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(DialogDemo, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("QMessageBox demo")
self.resize(600, 400)
self.button = QPushButton(self)
self.button.setText("点击弹出QMessageBox")
self.button.move(50, 50)
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
def showDialog(self):
# 除了information，还有warning、critical、question、about
reply = QMessageBox.information(self, "标题", "消息正文", QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
print(reply)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = DialogDemo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QFileDialog
文件对话框，主要用来进行文件选择或者文件保存
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class DialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(DialogDemo, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("Dialog demo")
self.resize(600, 400)
self.button = QPushButton(self)
self.button.setText("点击弹出文件对话框")
self.button.move(50, 50)
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
def showDialog(self):
# 文件打开窗口，路径"D:\\"是窗口打开默认显示的路径，最后一个参数文件的过滤，不满足条件的不会显示
filename, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "打开文件", "D:\\", "Image Files (*.jpg *.png)")
if filename:
print(f"file: {filename}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = DialogDemo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QInputDialog使用
输入对话框，包含一个输入框和二个按钮
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class DialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(DialogDemo, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("QInputDialog demo")
self.resize(600, 400)
self.button = QPushButton(self)
self.button.setText("点击弹出QInputDialog")
self.button.move(50, 50)
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
def showDialog(self):
# name是获取到的文本值
name, okPressed = QInputDialog.getText(self, "迷途小书童", "请输入你的大名:", QLineEdit.Normal, " ")
if okPressed and name:
print(f'Welcome {name}')
else:
QMessageBox.critical(self, "Error", "请输入大名并点击OK!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = DialogDemo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QFontDialog使用
字体选择对话框
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class DialogDemo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(DialogDemo, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("Dialog demo")
self.resize(600, 400)
self.button = QPushButton(self)
self.button.setText("点击弹出字体对话框")
self.button.move(50, 50)
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
def showDialog(self):
font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
if ok:
print(f'font: {font.pointSize()}')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = DialogDemo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
